Managing Software: Packages and Ports

Managing Software: Packages and Ports

Synopsis #

This chapter offers a detailed guide to managing software on OpenBSD, focusing on installing and maintaining pre-built packages with pkg_* utilities and building custom applications from the Ports Collection using ports(7). It also covers adding file sets after installation.

Overview #

OpenBSD provides two primary methods for installing software: pre-compiled binary packages and building from source using the Ports Collection. Packages are convenient, fast to install, and receive timely updates for critical software. The Ports Collection allows custom builds but requires more time, disk space, and attention to system resources.

Using the Package System #

OpenBSD packages are compressed and signed binary archives managed by the pkg_* suite of tools. They are easy to install and recommended for most use cases.

Selecting a Mirror #

The system uses the mirror listed in /etc/installurl by default. To configure it manually:

https://cdn.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD

Alternatively, use the PKG_PATH environment variable (not recommended unless scripting or debugging):

export PKG_PATH=https://cdn.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.6/packages/amd64/
Replace 7.6 with your release version. Use uname -r to verify it.

See installurl(5) and pkg_add(1) for further options.

Installing Packages #

Use pkg_add(1) to install software:

doas pkg_add vim

If a package has multiple flavors or subpackages, the system will prompt:

Ambiguous: choose package for rsync
a       0: <None>
        1: rsync-3.1.2p0
        2: rsync-3.1.2p0-iconv
Your choice:

You may enter the number, or specify the full flavor inline:

doas pkg_add rsync--iconv

To install directly from a URL:

doas pkg_add https://mirror.example.org/packages/vim-9.0.1234p0.tgz

Some packages include notes in /usr/local/share/doc/pkg-readmes/. Always read these if prompted.

Searching for Packages #

To search by package name:

pkg_info -Q unzip

To locate files within packages:

pkglocate mutool

This requires the pkglocatedb package to be installed.

Updating Packages #

To upgrade all installed packages:

doas pkg_add -Uu

To update a specific package:

doas pkg_add -u unzip
OpenBSD rebuilds selected packages such as Firefox for supported releases. These updates are available using pkg_add -Uu.

Updating the System #

Base System Updates #

OpenBSD provides signed binary patches for the base system via the syspatch(8) utility. These patches are available for supported -release versions and are typically issued for security vulnerabilities or other important fixes. To apply all available patches:

doas syspatch

It is recommended to run syspatch periodically to keep the base system up to date.

Package Updates #

Packages can be updated independently of the base system. The following command updates all installed packages:

doas pkg_add -Uu

This command contacts the configured package mirror and upgrades installed packages to newer versions if available. Use this command regularly to receive updates for supported packages, such as browsers or mail clients.

Removing Packages #

Use pkg_delete(1) to remove software:

doas pkg_delete screen

To remove unused dependencies:

doas pkg_delete -a

Duplicating Package Lists #

To duplicate a package set to another machine:

pkg_info -mz > list
doas pkg_add -l list

Handling Incomplete or Broken Packages #

If a package install fails and leaves a partial-* entry, clean it with:

doas pkg_delete partial-vim

If package metadata becomes corrupted:

doas pkg_check

Using the Ports Collection #

The Ports Collection allows building software from source with custom options.

Installing the Ports Tree #

To fetch the tree:

doas cvs -qd anoncvs@anoncvs.openbsd.org:/cvs get -rOPENBSD_7_6 -P ports

To update:

doas cd /usr/ports && cvs update -Pd

Building a Port #

cd /usr/ports/editors/vim
doas make install

For configuration options:

make config

Managing Dependencies #

List required packages:

make show-DEPENDS

Install them manually:

doas pkg_add $(make show-DEPENDS)

Custom Builds #

To build a version of vim without X11:

cd /usr/ports/editors/vim
env NO_X11=Yes doas make install
Building ports may take hours and consume significant disk space. Use binary packages unless custom compilation is necessary.

Adding File Sets After Installation #

File sets such as comp{{ .Site.Params.short_version }}.tgz or xbase{{ .Site.Params.short_version }}.tgz can be added after initial installation.

Method 1: Using bsd.rd and Upgrade Mode #

  1. Boot bsd.rd from the existing disk or USB.
  2. Choose (U)pgrade.
  3. Select and install missing sets.
  4. Reboot into the full system.

Method 2: Manual Extraction #

cd /tmp
ftp https://cdn.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/{{ .Site.Params.full_version }}/amd64/comp{{ .Site.Params.short_version }}.tgz
cd /
doas tar xzvphf /tmp/comp{{ .Site.Params.short_version }}.tgz
The -p option is required to preserve correct permissions.
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