OpenBSD Handbook

    Theme
    • Part I. Install & Configure
      • Introduction
      • Installing OpenBSD
      • The X Window System
      • Networking
      • System Configuration
      • OpenBSD Basics
      • Managing Software: Packages and Ports
    • Part II. Daily Operations
      • Graphical Environments
      • Multimedia
      • Printing
      • Linux Compatibility
      • Windows Compatibility
      • Games
    • Part III. System Administration
      • Virtualization
      • Storage and File Systems
      • Updating and Upgrading
      • Localization
      • The OpenBSD Boot Process
      • Security
    • Part IV. Networking & Daemons
      • Services
        • Database
          • MariaDB
          • PostgreSQL
          • Redis
          • memcached
        • Directory
          • YP (NIS)
          • LDAP
        • File
          • NFS
          • Samba
        • FTP Services
          • ftpd
          • ProFTPD
          • vsftpd
          • Pure-FTPd
          • TFTP
        • Mail
          • smtpd
          • Dovecot
          • Postfix
          • Exim
          • Rspamd
        • Name
          • Unbound
          • NSD
          • BIND
        • Networking
          • OpenBGPD
          • rad
          • DHCP
          • slaacd
        • Web
          • Apache
          • nginx
          • httpd
          • relayd
        • Logging
          • syslogd
        • Monitoring
          • SNMP
        • Remote Access
          • Audit OpenSSH
          • sshd
        • File Synchronization
          • rsync
        • Messaging
          • RabbitMQ
        • Time
          • NTP
      • PF
        • pfctl cheat sheet
        • PF Anchors
        • PF Filter Rules
        • PF Forwarding
        • PF Lists and Macros
        • PF Load Balancing
        • PF Logging
        • PF NAT
        • PF Options
        • PF Policies
        • PF Shortcuts
        • PF Tables
      • Advanced Networking
        • High Availability and State Replication
        • Multi-WAN and Policy-Based Routing
        • VPN and Cryptographic Tunneling
        • Classic and Lightweight Tunnels
        • IPv6 at Scale
        • QoS and Traffic Shaping
        • MPLS and Label Distribution
        • Network Services at Scale
        • Virtualization and Host Networking
        • Large-Scale L2 and L3 Design
        • Telemetry, Logging, and Flow Export
        • Hardening and Operational Safety
        • Reference Architectures
        • Troubleshooting Playbooks
      • Serial Communication
    • Part V. Miscellaneous
      • Virtualization Cheat Sheet
      • OpenBSD Cheatsheet
      • How-to Guides
        • Complete the First 30 Minutes After Installation
        • Check Hardware Compatibility Before Installing
        • Bootstrap Wi-Fi Firmware Without Ethernet
        • Set Up OpenBSD as a Laptop or Workstation
        • Configure Laptop Power Management
        • Run OpenBSD as a Virtual Machine Guest
        • Install OpenBSD on a VPS or Cloud Server
        • Install OpenBSD with Full-Disk Encryption
        • Troubleshoot Web Browsers on OpenBSD
        • Create an Administrator Account with doas and SSH Keys
        • Establish a Conservative Security Baseline
        • Manage OpenBSD with Ansible
        • Recover Access and Reset the Root Password
        • Collect OpenBSD Diagnostic Evidence
        • Configure Secure Remote Access with OpenSSH
        • Set Up WordPress
        • Build Third-Party Software from Ports
        • Use FIDO Security Keys with OpenSSH
        • Build OpenBSD from Source
        • Configure Wi-Fi Roaming and Wired Failover
        • Dual-Boot OpenBSD on a UEFI System
        • Troubleshoot PF, NAT, and Routing
        • Automate OpenBSD Installation with Autoinstall and PXE
        • Route Multiple VLANs with PF
        • Configure a Road-Warrior WireGuard VPN
        • Troubleshoot Package Installation and Update Failures
        • Route IPv6 Networks without NAT
        • Schedule Recurring Maintenance
        • Plan a Docker Workload Migration to OpenBSD
        • Build a Mail Server with OpenSMTPD, Dovecot, and Rspamd
        • Build a Simple Router and Firewall
        • Monitor an OpenBSD System
        • Back Up and Restore an OpenBSD System
        • Configure softraid RAID1
        • Recover an OpenBSD System That Does Not Boot
        • Install Z shell (zsh)
      • OpenBSD for Linux Users
      • OpenBSD for FreeBSD Users
      • OpenBSD for macOS Users
    • OpenBSD FAQ
    • OpenBSD Package Search
      • General PFCTL Commands
      • Loading PF Rules
      • Clearing PF Rules & Counters
      • Output PF Information
      • Maintaining PF Tables

      pfctl cheat sheet

      General PFCTL Commands #

      CommandDescription
      pfctl -dDisable packet-filtering
      pfctl -eEnable packet-filtering
      pfctl -qRun quietly
      pfctl -vRun more verbose than normal
      pfctl -v -vRun even more verbose

      Loading PF Rules #

      CommandDescription
      pfctl -f /etc/pf.confLoad /etc/pf.conf
      pfctl -n -f /etc/pf.confTest the rules (parse /etc/pf.conf but don’t load it)
      pfctl -R -f /etc/pf.confLoad only the FILTER rules
      pfctl -N -f /etc/pf.confLoad only the NAT rules
      pfctl -O -f /etc/pf.confLoad only the OPTION rules

      Clearing PF Rules & Counters #

      Flushing rules does not influence or impact any already existing stateful connections
      CommandDescription
      pfctl -F allFlush ALL
      pfctl -F rulesFlush only the RULES
      pfctl -F queueFlush only QUEUE
      pfctl -F natFlush only NAT
      pfctl -F infoFlush all statistics that are not part of any rule
      pfctl -zClear all counters

      Output PF Information #

      CommandDescription
      pfctl -s rulesShow filter information
      pfctl -srShow filter information (alternative)
      pfctl -v -s rulesShow filter information with hit count
      pfctl -vvsrShow filter information with rule numbers
      pfctl -v -s natShow NAT information and hit count
      pfctl -s nat -i xl1Show NAT information for interface xl1
      pfctl -s queueShow QUEUE information
      pfctl -s labelShow LABEL information
      pfctl -s stateShow contents of the STATE table
      pfctl -s infoShow statistics for state tables and packet normalization
      pfctl -s allShow everything

      Maintaining PF Tables #

      CommandDescription
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T showShow table addvhosts
      pfctl -vvsTablesView global information about all tables
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T add 192.168.0.5Add entry to table addvhosts
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T add 192.168.0.0/16Add a network to table addvhosts
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T delete 192.168.0.0/16Delete network from table addvhosts
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T flushRemove all entries from table addvhosts
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T killDelete table addvhosts entirely
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T replace -f /etc/addvhostsReload table addvhosts on the fly
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T test 192.168.0.140Find IP address 192.168.0.140 in table addvhosts
      pfctl -T load -f /etc/pf.confLoad a new table definition
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T show -viOutput stats for each IP address in table addvhosts
      pfctl -t addvhosts -T zeroReset all counters for table addvhosts
      Report a bug
      • General PFCTL Commands
      • Loading PF Rules
      • Clearing PF Rules & Counters
      • Output PF Information
      • Maintaining PF Tables