MAKEFS(8) - System Manager’s Manual #

MAKEFS(8) - System Manager’s Manual

NAME #

makefs - create a file system image from a directory tree

SYNOPSIS #

makefs [-b free-blocks] [-f free-files] [-M minimum-size] [-m maximum-size] [-O offset] [-o fs-options] [-S sector-size] [-s image-size] [-T timestamp] [-t fs-type] image-file directory

DESCRIPTION #

The utility makefs creates a file system image into image-file from the directory tree directory. No special devices or privileges are required to perform this task.

The options are as follows:

-b free-blocks

Ensure that a minimum of free-blocks exist in the image. An optional ‘%’ suffix may be provided to indicate that free-blocks indicates a percentage of the calculated image size.

-f free-files

Ensure that a minimum of
*free-files*
(inodes) exist in the image.
An optional
'`%`'
suffix may be provided to indicate that
*free-files*
indicates a percentage of the calculated image size.

-M minimum-size

Set the minimum size of the file system image to
*minimum-size*.

-m maximum-size

Set the maximum size of the file system image to
*maximum-size*.
An error will be raised if the target file system needs to be larger
than this to accommodate the provided directory tree.

-O offset

Instead of creating the file system at the beginning of the file, start
at offset.
Valid only for
**ffs**
and
**msdos**.

-o fs-options

Set file system specific options.
*fs-options*
is a comma separated list of options.
Valid file system specific options are detailed below.

-S sector-size

Set the file system sector size to
*sector-size*.
Defaults to 512.

-s image-size

Set the size of the file system image to
*image-size*.

-T timestamp

Specify a timestamp to be set for all file system files and directories
created so that repeatable builds are possible.
The
*timestamp*
is an integer value interpreted as the number of seconds from the Epoch.

-t fs-type

Create an
*fs-type*
file system image.
The following file system types are supported:

**cd9660**

	ISO 9660 file system.

**ffs**

	BSD Fast File System (the default).

**msdos**

	FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.

Sizes are specified as a decimal number of bytes and may use a multiplier, as documented in scan_scaled(3). Two or more numbers may be separated by an ‘x’ to indicate a product.

ffs options #

ffs images have ffs-specific optional parameters that may be provided. Each of the options consists of a keyword, an equal sign (’=’), and a value. The following keywords are supported:

avgfilesize

Expected average file size.

avgfpdir

Expected number of files per directory.

bsize

Block size.

density

Bytes per inode.

disklabel

Name of a disk described in
disktab(5).
A disklabel with the information will be written at a machine dependent
location in the image.
The size of the file system image, the sector size and the
**bsize**
and
**fsize**
parameters are inferred from the disklabel.

extent

Maximum extent size.

fsize

Fragment size.

label

Label name of the image.

maxbpcg

Maximum total number of blocks in a cylinder group.

maxbpg

Maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group.

minfree

Minimum % free.

optimization

Optimization preference: one of
'`space`'
(default)
or
'`time`'.

rdroot

A disklabel appropriate for a ramdisk will be built and
written at a machine dependent location in the image.
The filesystem will be described by a FS_BSDFFS partition
'a',
with defaults offset=0, fsize=512, bsize=4096, minfree=0 and density=4096.

version

UFS version.
1 for FFS (default) or 2 for UFS2.

cd9660 options #

cd9660 images have ISO9660-specific optional parameters that may be provided. The arguments consist of a keyword and, optionally, an equal sign (’=’), and a value. The following keywords are supported:

allow-deep-trees

Allow the directory structure to exceed the maximum specified in
the spec.

allow-multidot

Allow multiple dots in a filename.

applicationid

Application ID of the image.

boot-load-segment

Set load segment for the boot image.

bootimage

Filename of a boot image in the format
"sysid;filename",
where
"sysid"
is one of
'`i386`',
'`macppc`',
'`powerpc`',
or
'`efi`'.

generic-bootimage

Load a generic boot image into the first 32K of the CD9660 image.

hard-disk-boot

Boot image is a hard disk image.

isolevel

ISO Level.

label

Label name of the image.

no-boot

Boot image is not bootable.

no-emul-boot

Boot image is a
"no emulation"
ElTorito image.

no-trailing-padding

Do not pad the image (apparently Linux needs the padding).

omit-trailing-period

Omit trailing periods in filenames.

preparer

Preparer ID of the image.

publisher

Publisher ID of the image.

rockridge

Use RockRidge extensions (for longer filenames, etc.).

volumeid

Volume set identifier of the image.

msdos options #

msdos images have MS-DOS-specific optional parameters that may be provided. The arguments consist of a keyword, an equal sign (’=’), and a value. The following keywords are supported:

backup_sector

Location of the backup boot sector.

block_size

Block size.

bootstrap

Bootstrap file.

bytes_per_sector

Bytes per sector.

create_size

Create file size.

directory_entries

Directory entries.

drive_heads

Drive heads.

fat_type

FAT type (12, 16, or 32).

floppy

Preset drive parameters for standard format floppy disks
(160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200, 1232, 1440, or 2880).

hidden_sectors

Hidden sectors.

info_sector

Location of the info sector.

media_descriptor

Media descriptor.

num_FAT

Number of FATs.

OEM_string

OEM string.

offset

Offset in device.

reserved_sectors

Reserved sectors.

sectors_per_cluster

Sectors per cluster.

sectors_per_fat

Sectors per FAT.

sectors_per_track

Sectors per track.

size

File System size.

volume_id

Volume ID.

volume_label

Volume Label.

HISTORY #

The makefs utility appeared in NetBSD 1.6.

AUTHORS #

Luke Mewburn lukem@NetBSD.org (original program), Daniel Watt, Walter Deignan, Ryan Gabrys, Alan Perez-Rathke, Ram Vedam (cd9660 support), and Christos Zoulas (msdos support).

OpenBSD 7.5 - April 25, 2023