Test::Tester(3p) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Test::Tester(3p) #
Test::Tester(3p) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Test::Tester(3p)
NNAAMMEE #
Test::Tester - Ease testing test modules built with Test::Builder
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS #
use Test::Tester tests => 6;
use Test::MyStyle;
check_test(
sub {
is_mystyle_eq("this", "that", "not eq");
},
{
ok => 0, # expect this to fail
name => "not eq",
diag => "Expected: 'this'\nGot: 'that'",
}
);
or
use Test::Tester tests => 6;
use Test::MyStyle;
check_test(
sub {
is_mystyle_qr("this", "that", "not matching");
},
{
ok => 0, # expect this to fail
name => "not matching",
diag => qr/Expected: 'this'\s+Got: 'that'/,
}
);
or
use Test::Tester;
use Test::More tests => 3;
use Test::MyStyle;
my ($premature, @results) = run_tests(
sub {
is_database_alive("dbname");
}
);
# now use Test::More::like to check the diagnostic output
like($results[0]->{diag}, "/^Database ping took \\d+ seconds$"/, "diag");
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN #
If you have written a test module based on Test::Builder then
Test::Tester allows you to test it with the minimum of effort.
HHOOWW TTOO UUSSEE ((TTHHEE EEAASSYY WWAAYY)) #
From version 0.08 Test::Tester no longer requires you to included
anything special in your test modules. All you need to do is
use Test::Tester;
in your test script bbeeffoorree any other Test::Builder based modules and away
you go.
Other modules based on Test::Builder can be used to help with the
testing. In fact you can even use functions from your module to test
other functions from the same module (while this is possible it is
probably not a good idea, if your module has bugs, then using it to test
itself may give the wrong answers).
The easiest way to test is to do something like
check_test(
sub { is_mystyle_eq("this", "that", "not eq") },
{
ok => 0, # we expect the test to fail
name => "not eq",
diag => "Expected: 'this'\nGot: 'that'",
}
);
this will execute the is_mystyle_eq test, capturing its results and
checking that they are what was expected.
You may need to examine the test results in a more flexible way, for
example, the diagnostic output may be quite long or complex or it may
involve something that you cannot predict in advance like a timestamp. In
this case you can get direct access to the test results:
my ($premature, @results) = run_tests(
sub {
is_database_alive("dbname");
}
);
like($result[0]->{diag}, "/^Database ping took \\d+ seconds$"/, "diag");
or
check_test(
sub { is_mystyle_qr("this", "that", "not matching") },
{
ok => 0, # we expect the test to fail
name => "not matching",
diag => qr/Expected: 'this'\s+Got: 'that'/,
}
);
We cannot predict how long the database ping will take so we use
Test::More's lliikkee(()) test to check that the diagnostic string is of the
right form.
HHOOWW TTOO UUSSEE ((TTHHEE HHAARRDD WWAAYY)) #
_T_h_i_s _i_s _h_e_r_e _f_o_r _b_a_c_k_w_a_r_d_s _c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_i_l_i_t_y _o_n_l_y
Make your module use the Test::Tester::Capture object instead of the
Test::Builder one. How to do this depends on your module but assuming
that your module holds the Test::Builder object in $Test and that all
your test routines access it through $Test then providing a function
something like this
sub set_builder
{
$Test = shift;
}
should allow your test scripts to do
Test::YourModule::set_builder(Test::Tester->capture);
and after that any tests inside your module will captured.
TTEESSTT RREESSUULLTTSS #
The result of each test is captured in a hash. These hashes are the same
as the hashes returned by Test::Builder->details but with a couple of
extra fields.
These fields are documented in Test::Builder in the ddeettaaiillss(()) function
ok
Did the test pass?
actual_ok
Did the test really pass? That is, did the pass come from
Test::Builder->ookk(()) or did it pass because it was a TODO test?
name
The name supplied for the test.
type
What kind of test? Possibilities include, skip, todo etc. See
Test::Builder for more details.
reason
The reason for the skip, todo etc. See Test::Builder for more details.
These fields are exclusive to Test::Tester.
diag
Any diagnostics that were output for the test. This only includes
diagnostics output aafftteerr the test result is declared.
Note that Test::Builder ensures that any diagnostics end in a \n and it
in earlier versions of Test::Tester it was essential that you have the
final \n in your expected diagnostics. From version 0.10 onward,
Test::Tester will add the \n if you forgot it. It will not add a \n if
you are expecting no diagnostics. See below for help tracking down hard
to find space and tab related problems.
depth
This allows you to check that your test module is setting the correct
value for $Test::Builder::Level and thus giving the correct file and
line number when a test fails. It is calculated by looking at ccaalllleerr(())
and $Test::Builder::Level. It should count how many subroutines there
are before jumping into the function you are testing. So for example in
run_tests( sub { my_test_function("a", "b") } );
the depth should be 1 and in
sub deeper { my_test_function("a", "b") }
run_tests(sub { deeper() });
depth should be 2, that is 1 for the sub {} and one for ddeeeeppeerr(()). This
might seem a little complex but if your tests look like the simple
examples in this doc then you don't need to worry as the depth will
always be 1 and that's what Test::Tester expects by default.
NNoottee: if you do not specify a value for depth in cchheecckk__tteesstt(()) then it
automatically compares it against 1, if you really want to skip the
depth test then pass in undef.
NNoottee: depth will not be correctly calculated for tests that run from a
signal handler or an END block or anywhere else that hides the call
stack.
Some of Test::Tester's functions return arrays of these hashes, just like
Test::Builder->details. That is, the hash for the first test will be
array element 1 (not 0). Element 0 will not be a hash it will be a string
which contains any diagnostic output that came before the first test.
This should usually be empty, if it's not, it means something output
diagnostics before any test results showed up.
SSPPAACCEESS AANNDD TTAABBSS #
Appearances can be deceptive, especially when it comes to emptiness. If
you are scratching your head trying to work out why Test::Tester is
saying that your diagnostics are wrong when they look perfectly right
then the answer is probably whitespace. From version 0.10 on,
Test::Tester surrounds the expected and got diag values with single
quotes to make it easier to spot trailing whitespace. So in this example
# Got diag (5 bytes):
# 'abcd '
# Expected diag (4 bytes):
# 'abcd'
it is quite clear that there is a space at the end of the first string.
Another way to solve this problem is to use colour and inverse video on
an ANSI terminal, see below COLOUR below if you want this.
Unfortunately this is sometimes not enough, neither colour nor quotes
will help you with problems involving tabs, other non-printing characters
and certain kinds of problems inherent in Unicode. To deal with this, you
can switch Test::Tester into a mode whereby all "tricky" characters are
shown as \{xx}. Tricky characters are those with ASCII code less than 33
or higher than 126. This makes the output more difficult to read but much
easier to find subtle differences between strings. To turn on this mode
either call "show_space()" in your test script or set the
"TESTTESTERSPACE" environment variable to be a true value. The example
above would then look like
# Got diag (5 bytes):
# abcd\x{20}
# Expected diag (4 bytes):
# abcd
CCOOLLOOUURR #
If you prefer to use colour as a means of finding tricky whitespace
characters then you can set the "TESTTESTCOLOUR" environment variable to
a comma separated pair of colours, the first for the foreground, the
second for the background. For example "white,red" will print white text
on a red background. This requires the Term::ANSIColor module. You can
specify any colour that would be acceptable to the Term::ANSIColor::color
function.
If you spell colour differently, that's no problem. The "TESTTESTERCOLOR"
variable also works (if both are set then the British spelling wins out).
EEXXPPOORRTTEEDD FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS #
_(_$_p_r_e_m_a_t_u_r_e_, _@_r_e_s_u_l_t_s_) _= _r_u_n___t_e_s_t_s_(_\_&_t_e_s_t___s_u_b_)
\&test_sub is a reference to a subroutine.
run_tests runs the subroutine in $test_sub and captures the results of
any tests inside it. You can run more than 1 test inside this subroutine
if you like.
$premature is a string containing any diagnostic output from before the
first test.
@results is an array of test result hashes.
_c_m_p___r_e_s_u_l_t_(_\_%_r_e_s_u_l_t_, _\_%_e_x_p_e_c_t_, _$_n_a_m_e_)
\%result is a ref to a test result hash.
\%expect is a ref to a hash of expected values for the test result.
cmp_result compares the result with the expected values. If any
differences are found it outputs diagnostics. You may leave out any field
from the expected result and cmp_result will not do the comparison of
that field.
_c_m_p___r_e_s_u_l_t_s_(_\_@_r_e_s_u_l_t_s_, _\_@_e_x_p_e_c_t_s_, _$_n_a_m_e_)
\@results is a ref to an array of test results.
\@expects is a ref to an array of hash refs.
cmp_results checks that the results match the expected results and if any
differences are found it outputs diagnostics. It first checks that the
number of elements in \@results and \@expects is the same. Then it goes
through each result checking it against the expected result as in
ccmmpp__rreessuulltt(()) above.
_(_$_p_r_e_m_a_t_u_r_e_, _@_r_e_s_u_l_t_s_) _= _c_h_e_c_k___t_e_s_t_s_(_\_&_t_e_s_t___s_u_b_, _\_@_e_x_p_e_c_t_s_, _$_n_a_m_e_)
\&test_sub is a reference to a subroutine.
\@expect is a ref to an array of hash refs which are expected test
results.
check_tests combines run_tests and cmp_tests into a single call. It also
checks if the tests died at any stage.
It returns the same values as run_tests, so you can further examine the
test results if you need to.
_(_$_p_r_e_m_a_t_u_r_e_, _@_r_e_s_u_l_t_s_) _= _c_h_e_c_k___t_e_s_t_(_\_&_t_e_s_t___s_u_b_, _\_%_e_x_p_e_c_t_, _$_n_a_m_e_)
\&test_sub is a reference to a subroutine.
\%expect is a ref to an hash of expected values for the test result.
check_test is a wrapper around check_tests. It combines run_tests and
cmp_tests into a single call, checking if the test died. It assumes that
only a single test is run inside \&test_sub and include a test to make
sure this is true.
It returns the same values as run_tests, so you can further examine the
test results if you need to.
_ss_hh_oo_ww____ss_pp_aa_cc_ee_((_))
Turn on the escaping of characters as described in the SPACES AND TABS
section.
HHOOWW IITT WWOORRKKSS #
Normally, a test module (let's call it Test:MyStyle) calls
Test::Builder->new to get the Test::Builder object. Test::MyStyle calls
methods on this object to record information about test results. When
Test::Tester is loaded, it replaces Test::Builder's nneeww(()) method with one
which returns a Test::Tester::Delegate object. Most of the time this
object behaves as the real Test::Builder object. Any methods that are
called are delegated to the real Test::Builder object so everything works
perfectly. However once we go into test mode, the method calls are no
longer passed to the real Test::Builder object, instead they go to the
Test::Tester::Capture object. This object seems exactly like the real
Test::Builder object, except, instead of outputting test results and
diagnostics, it just records all the information for later analysis.
CCAAVVEEAATTSS #
Support for calling Test::Builder->note is minimal. It's implemented as
an empty stub, so modules that use it will not crash but the calls are
not recorded for testing purposes like the others. Patches welcome.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO #
Test::Builder the source of testing goodness. Test::Builder::Tester for
an alternative approach to the problem tackled by Test::Tester - captures
the strings output by Test::Builder. This means you cannot get separate
access to the individual pieces of information and you must predict
eexxaaccttllyy what your test will output.
AAUUTTHHOORR #
This module is copyright 2005 Fergal Daly <fergal@esatclear.ie>, some
parts are based on other people's work.
Plan handling lifted from Test::More. written by Michael G Schwern
<schwern@pobox.com>.
Test::Tester::Capture is a cut down and hacked up version of
Test::Builder. Test::Builder was written by chromatic
<chromatic@wgz.org> and Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com>.
LLIICCEENNSSEE #
Under the same license as Perl itself
See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html
perl v5.36.3 2023-02-15 Test::Tester(3p)