OpenBSD Handbook

“Linux people do what they do because they hate Microsoft. We do what we do because we love Unix.”

– Theo de Raadt

The OpenBSD Handbook is a practical reference for system administrators. It explains how to install, secure, and run OpenBSD 7.9 on servers, appliances, and workstations, with clear examples and few assumptions.

How OpenBSD Differs #

OpenBSD is a Unix-like operating system whose components are developed together. The project focuses on simplicity, correctness, and security.

  • Coherent base system. Kernel, userland, toolchain, and core daemons are developed together. Administrative interfaces such as rcctl(8) are consistent across services.
  • Security engineering. Proactive code audits, privilege separation, and exploit mitigations are standard practice. Application sandboxes pledge(2) and unveil(2) are part of the base system.
  • Practical defaults. The PF firewall is configured via pf.conf(5) . A minimal web server (httpd(8) ) uses httpd.conf(5) . Other base components include relayd(8) , smtpd(8) , bgpd(8) , and OpenSSH.
  • Documentation first. Manual pages are authoritative and complete; start with man(1) . Package management begins with pkg_add(1) .
  • Predictable releases. A new release appears roughly every six months. Binary patches are applied with syspatch(8) . Upgrades between releases can be automated with sysupgrade(8) .

Strengths and Trade-offs #

OpenBSD favors clear, secure designs over adding features. Its base system is small and conservative. It supports many types of hardware, but some specialized or proprietary devices have no driver. Ports and packages provide third-party software. Performance matters, but not at the expense of safety or clarity.

How to Use This Handbook #

This handbook adds explanations, procedures, and cautions to the manual pages. Each section links to the relevant manuals and includes practical examples. Conventions:

  • Shell command blocks omit prompts and use explicit doas for privileged operations. Installer/root-shell contexts and terminal transcripts are labeled separately.
  • Command output and configuration fragments are shown exactly as entered or produced.
  • The first reference to a command, daemon, configuration file, or system call links to its manual page.

For orientation and scope, see the Introduction.

Read next -> Introduction

Start Here #

Common tasks and entry points:

  • Frequently asked questions. Releases, installation, security, packages, networking, and software compatibility. -> /faq/
  • Install and bootstrap. Disk layout, networking, users, first login. -> /install/
  • Secure the base. Privilege model, doas, file permissions, cryptography, patching with syspatch, release upgrades with sysupgrade. -> /security/
  • Networking. Interfaces, autoconfiguration, bridging, VLANs, wireless, routing. -> /networking/
  • PF firewall. Policy design, NAT, redirection, tables, anchors, testing with pfctl (see pfctl(8) ). -> /pf/
  • Web and proxies. httpd, TLS, OCSP, reverse proxying, health checks with relayd(8) . -> /httpd/ ยท /relayd/
  • Mail transport. OpenSMTPD basics (see smtpd(8) ), local delivery, relaying. -> /mail/
  • Storage. Disks, partitions, softraid, encryption, filesystems, backups. -> /storage/
  • Virtualization. Native virtualization with vmd(8) and the vmm(4) device. -> /vmm/
  • Packages and ports. Searching, installing, version locks, building from ports with pkg_add(1) . -> /packages/
  • Upgrades and maintenance. Release planning, backups, post-upgrade checks. -> /upgrading/
  • Workstation topics. X Window System, graphics, audio, daily tools. -> /x11/

For deeper reference, consult the manuals: Manuals -> https://man.openbsdhandbook.com/

Scope and Audience #

The handbook is for system administrators who want clear procedures and conservative defaults. It explains common pitfalls and favors simple solutions that are easy to check and maintain.

OpenBSD provides a stable foundation where security and predictable behavior matter. This handbook explains how to use it.

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